basic list | extended list | notes
  

 

  IPA symbols: extended list      
  consonants • vowels • diphthongs • additional symbols  
   
 
 aspirated consonants
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 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

p     pen, copy, map
      pen ˈcɒpi mæp

t     tell, button, cat
      tel ˈbʌtən kæt

k     keep, packet, clock
      kiːp ˈpækɪt klɒk

tʃ     church, nature, match
      tʃɜːtʃ ˈneɪtʃə mætʃ

f     fat, photo, coffee
      fæt ˈfəʊtəʊ ˈkɒfiː

θ theta   thin, athlete, both
      θɪn ˈæθliːt bəʊθ

s     soon, cease, sister
      suːn siːs ˈsɪstə

ʃ esh   ship, sure, nation
      ʃɪp ʃʊə ˈneɪʃən

h     hot, who, ahead
      hɒt huː əˈhed
     

 
 voiced consonants
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 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

b     bed, baby, job
      bed ˈbeɪbi dʒɒb

d     day, middle, did
      deɪ mɪdəl dɪd

g     get, giggle, dog, ghost
      get ˈgɪgəl dɒg gəʊst

dʒ     judge, age, soldier
      dʒʌdʒ eɪdʒ ˈsəʊldʒə

v     very, cover, five
      veri ˈkʌvə faɪv

ð eth   this, other, sunbathe
      ðɪs ˈʌðə ˈsʌnbeɪð

z     zero, music, buzz
      zɪərəʊ ˈmjuːzɪk bʌz

ʒ ezh (yogh)   beige, vision, mirage
      beɪʒ ˈvɪʒən ˈmɪrɑːʒ

m     much, summer, tram
      mʌtʃ ˈsʌmə træm

n     nice, know, funny, sun
      naɪs nəʊ ˈfʌni sʌn

ŋ eng   ring, anger, thank
      rɪŋ ˈæŋgə θæŋk

l     leg, valley, failure
      leg ˈvæli ˈfeɪljə

r     rain, write, sorry
      reɪn raɪt ˈsɒri

j yod   yellow, usual, few
      ˈjeləʊ ˈjuːʒəl fjuː

w     win, one, when
      wɪn wʌn wen
     
 
     
 
 vowels
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 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

æ ash   act, trap, bad
      ækt træp bæd

e     any, ten, head
      ˈeni ten hed

ɪ     sit, big, minute
      sɪt bɪg ˈmɪnɪt

ɒ (BrE only)   odd, got, want
      ɒd gɒt wɒnt

ʊ upsilon   put, book, good
      pʊt bʊk gʊd

ə schwa   about, police, father
      əˈbaʊt pəˈliːs ˈfɑːðə

ʌ     cut, done, blood
      kʌt dʌn blʌd

i     happy, react
      ˈhæp.i riˈækt

u     casual, continuous
      ˈkæʒ.ju.əl

ɑː     car, half, father, heart
      kɑː hɑːf ˈfɑːðə hɑːt

ɜː     bird, word, verb, burn
      bɜːd wɜːd vɜːb bɜːn

iː     eat, meet, sea
      iːt miːt siː

ɔː     saw, north, wore, all
      sɔː nɔːθ wɔː ɔːl

uː     two, blue, food
      tuː bluː fuːd
     
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
   
 diphthongs
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 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

eɪ     day, face, wait
      deɪ feɪs weɪt

əʊ (BrE only)   boat, know, go
      bəʊt nəʊ gəʊ

aɪ     my, high, five, lie
      maɪ haɪ faɪv laɪ

aʊ     now, out, down
      naʊ aʊt daʊn

ɔɪ     boy, choice
      bɔɪ tʃɔɪs

ɪə (BrE only)   here, near, bacteria
      hɪə nɪə bækˈtɪəriə

eə (BrE only)   wear, care, there, hair
      weə keə ðeə heə

ʊə (BrE only)   poor, sure, jury
      pʊə ʃʊə dʒʊəri
     
 
       
 
 additional symbols
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 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

ɫ dark L   film, belt, ball
      fɪɫm beɫt bɔːɫ

l̩ &/or əl     middle, metal
      ˈmɪd.l̩ or ˈmet.əl

n̩ &/or ən     suddenly, cotton
      ˈsʌd.n̩.li or ˈkɒt.ən

ə optional
schwa		   cubism, gallery
    ˈkjuː.bzəm ˈgæl.ər.i

r or (r) potential R   doctor, pure
  (BrE only)   ˈdɒk.tər or pjʊə(r)

 PUNCTUATION
 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

ˈ (primary) stress mark   photography
    fəˈtɒ.grə.fi

ˌ secondary stress mark   photographic
    ˌfəʊ.təˈgrəf.ɪk

. syllable division   photographically
    ˌfəʊ.təˈgrəf.ɪk.əl.i

ʔ glottal stop   department
      dɪˈpɑːʔ.mənt

̃ nasal glyph   used to write French style nasal vowels,
see right.
     

ː length mark   used to write the 5 long vowels:
    ɑː ɜː iː ɔː uː
     
 

 AMERICAN ONLY
 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

oʊ     boat, know, go
      boʊt noʊ goʊ

ɚ     mother
      ˈmʌð.ɚ

ɝː     bird
      bɝːd

t̬ voiced T   better
      ˈbet̬.ɚ

 FROM SCOTS OR WELSH
 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

x     loch
      lɒx

hl or ɬ belted L   L lewelyn
      hluːˈel.ɪn or ɬuːˈel.ɪn

 FROM FRENCH
 SYMBOL NAME / NOTES EXAMPLES  

a     éclat
      eɪˈkla

æ̃     lingerie
      ˈlæ̃n.ʒər.i

ɑ̃ː     genre
      ˈʒɑ̃ːn.rə

ɔ̃ː     soupçon
      ˈsuːp.sɔ̃ːŋ

ɜ̃ː     vingt-et-un
      ˌvæ̃n.teɪˈɜ̃ːŋ
     
 
         
 


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